Atmospheric researchers blamed for drop in cows' milk yield: "Dissolving radiation"

Atmospheric researchers blamed for drop in cows' milk yield: "Dissolving radiation" Russian news

 Atmospheric researchers blamed for drop in cows' milk yield: "Dissolving radiation" What obstacles do the contributors of the particular medical day trip inside the Yaroslavl location face?

The complete Nekouzsky district of the Yaroslavl place nowadays is observing a wonderful miracle: in the sky above the village of Borok there's a balloon, white and blue, soaring inside the air like a massive whale. “Tourists journey, or something,” says an old woman inside the rural settlement of Veretya, shopping for bread in a trendy shop. “No,” another echoes her, “they may be spraying something. And then the tomatoes are all inexperienced.” In reality, this is completed by means of personnel of the geophysical observatory "Borok" of the Institute of Physics of the Earth.Russian News

Lifting a balloon into the air isn't an smooth and high-priced commercial enterprise, this does not show up right here every summer time. Just filling it with inert fuel is like shopping for a new automobile. And the balloon itself isn't always reasonably-priced. To lose this for scientists is tantamount to the loss of a liked buddy.Facebook

We were fortunate. After circling the automobile via the woodland, we drove to the experimental field, in which the instruments crackle softly, it smells of fir cones - this is a samovar boiling, and the scientists huddled at a timber table - drinking tea and discussing the effects of the paintings.Covid

Like in area

“The balloon is simplest a seen part of the work, ground-based totally research is no less important and time-ingesting,” explains Konstantin Afinogenov, researcher at the geophysical observatory, head of the sphere day trip crew. - Our work is seasonal, some of these gadgets are set up whilst the snow melts, and before the first snow - October-November. Here we display atmospheric strength, conduct meteorological observations, and also reveal the interest of radon, a herbal radioactive gasoline.”

Data on modifications in the electric area electricity, vertical atmospheric electric present day density, ion concentration in the air, temperature, humidity, wind, precipitation are recorded and saved in databases. The balloon measures everything the equal, but on the pinnacle, at a top of about a hundred meters.Jobs

The distinction among a floor-based totally complicated and a balloon complex is its weight and length indicators and energy consumption. In balloon system, every gram of weight matters - much like in area. You cannot even plant an additional computer virus there. The carrying potential of the balloon is restricted, best 25 kg, and there's no way to strength the device using cable lines, all paintings is finished from an self sustaining supply - a battery, the burden of which need to additionally be minimal. In order for the equipment to work lengthy enough, electricity intake need to be kept to a minimal.

At the equal time, a whole bunch of contraptions and gadgets that measure the intensity of the atmospheric electric subject, the attention of light air ions, aerosol debris, the volumetric hobby of radon, air temperature and humidity, as well as telemetry system - satellite tv for pc navigation gadget, barometric altimeter , 3-D compass and accelerometer-gyroscope. All those gadgets are managed by means of an independent records collection machine based on a microcomputer, and communication with the platform is accomplished through a Wi-Fi channel.

Need for inventions is cunning

A herbal question arises - why is all this essential? It turns out that the distribution of the electrical characteristics of the environment is of remarkable significance precisely in the surface layer and inside the atmospheric boundary layer, as much as the heights in which clouds are shaped. This is wherein the variability is greatest. Now there are pretty quite a few guides on observations of atmospheric strength above the atmospheric boundary layer the use of aircraft and drones, but there are almost no such studies. “Moreover, what we do with such a fixed of device has never been carried out through anybody in the global,” emphasizes Konstantin Afinogenov.

The approach utilized by geophysicists is particular. They were working with the balloon since 2014, and floor-primarily based observations were performed for many years, for the reason that 70-80s of the last century. Sergei Vasilyevich Anisimov, the modern-day director of the observatory, started out this, a number of the devices are his personal improvement. These are, as an example, electrostatic fluxmeters or a present day collector antenna with a diameter of 300 meters. All yr round 24/7 with out holidays and weekends, within the discipline in the outdoor, the fluxmeter worked properly for 15 years, and it had to be repaired simplest after a powerful lightning discharge happened next to it. And after the restore, it's been working for 12 years without stopping. Such reliability of gadget in geophysics is the rule, no longer the exception.

Later, a group of geophysicists advanced and manufactured sensors for the attention of light air ions, which make it viable to measure the wide variety of ions - air molecules that lost one electron, or, conversely, received an additional one. Ions within the air, or air ions, determine the electrical conductivity of the ecosystem and have an effect on many atmospheric phenomena. In a regular surroundings, the awareness of light air ions in one cubic centimeter of air can range from tens to heaps. Moreover, ions of various charges will have exclusive concentrations.

In addition to the concentration and price of ions, there's also this kind of feature as mobility - that is how mobile an ion is in an electric field. An ion with excessive mobility in an electric powered subject movements a whole lot quicker than an ion with low mobility. And since it actions faster, it manner that it makes a extra huge contribution to the electrical conductivity of air. “We are used to wondering that air is a dielectric, this is, it does now not conduct electric powered contemporary,” explains Konstantin Afinogenov. - However, this isn't so: the presence of ions makes the air a conductor of electricity, although we do no longer experience this in any respect, since the currents formed by the ions are very small. So, the air ion concentration sensor, developed by means of our team, permits you to simultaneously degree the awareness of high-quality and terrible air ions, and the use of a unique dimension method, it's miles even feasible to split the awareness of air ions with the aid of mobilities. The sensitivity of the device is such that it reliably detects one ion in line with cubic centimeter of air.”

The device for balloon observations, which is likewise designed and manufactured in Bork, stands apart. I needed to solve loads of non-trivial responsibilities for you to meet the specified parameters and on the equal time no longer sacrifice the sensitivity and fault tolerance of the devices.

Predict fireplace

Such devices can't be sold or ordered anywhere. No count how many geophysicists have attempted to give such an application, everybody refuses or sets wonderful costs and phrases. This is in which you need to do everything yourself. And at the same time come to be experts in a completely huge variety of disciplines - electronics, programming, technical 3-D modeling, competencies in running in a locksmith store with hand equipment, know-how of the ideas of building digital system. In addition, frequent work in the discipline paperwork sensible skills for survival within the wild.